英語四級作文萬能開頭整段(英語四級作文完美萬能開頭結尾誰有)
1.英語四級作文完美萬能開頭結尾誰有
Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that…. 隨著社會的不斷發(fā)展，出現了越來越多的問題，其中之一便是____________。
As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes. 然而，對于此類問題，人們持不同的看法。 Hold different attitudes 持不同的看法（觀點、態(tài)度） Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法。
As society develops, people are attaching much importance to…. 隨著社會的發(fā)展，人們開始關注………… People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting 求職的過程中，人們慢慢意識到面試的重要性。 As to whether it is worthwhile …..， there is a long-running controversial debate. It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it. 關于是否值得___________的問題，一直以來爭論不休。
當然，不同的人對此可能持不同的觀點。 In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma. 在都市的發(fā)展中，我們往往會陷入困境。
Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that…. 最近，這種現象引起了人們的廣泛關注，有人開始擔心______________。 The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention. 人類進入了一個歷史的嶄新的階段，經濟全球化、都市化的速度不斷加快，隨之給我們帶來了很多問題。
…… plays such an important role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present world, there comes a question, is it a blessing or a curse？” _______顯得非常重要而成為當今世界所關注的最大的問題，這是無可厚非的。不過，問題是：“我們該如何抉擇？” Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges， 現在我們正在進入一個充滿機會和挑戰(zhàn)的新時代。
2.求個英語4級作文的萬能開頭和結尾~~最好長一點~順便幫我翻譯成中文
1.There is no consensus of opinions among people as to … some people tend to have a favorable attitude toward…While, others have an unpleasant association with…
2. Recently, the issue of 。。 has been brought into public focus.近來，_______的問題引起了社會的廣泛關注。
3. Recently the issue of (whether …or not) has been in the limelight（成為引人注目的中心） and has aroused wide concern in the public. 近來，是否_______的問題已經非常明確而且引起了社會的廣泛關注。
4. Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is 。. 隨著社會的不斷發(fā)展，出現了越來越多的問題，其中之一便是____________。
5. Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in people's attitude towards some traditional practice. 現在我們進入了一個充滿機遇和創(chuàng)新的嶄新時代，很多人對某些傳統(tǒng)的看法也發(fā)生了很大改變。
6.______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
______已成為人的關注的熱門話題，特別是在年青人當中，將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。
3.英語四級作文萬能開頭
一、用于作文開頭的萬能模板：1、Many people insist that。
很多人（堅持）認為……2、With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that。 隨著科技的發(fā)展，越來越多的人認為……3、A lot of people seem to think that。
很多人似乎認為……二、引出不同觀點的萬能模板：1、People's views on。 vary from person to person. Some hold that。
. However, others believe that。. 人們對……的觀點因人而異。
有些人認為。..然而其他人卻認為……2、Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人們對待吸毒的態(tài)度因人而異。
3、People may have different opinions on。 人們對……可能會有不同的見解。
4、There are different opinions among people as to。 關于……人們的觀點大不相同。
5、Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 對（失?。┤藗兊膽B(tài)度各不相同。三、得出最終結論的萬能模板：1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that。
把所有這些因素加以考慮，我們自然會得出結論……2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that。 考慮所有這些因素，我們可能會得出合理的結論……3、Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that。
因此，自然我們得出以下結論。
4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫無疑問，跳槽有優(yōu)點也有缺點。
5、All in all, we cannot live without。 But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 總之，我們沒有……是無法生活的。
但同時，我們必須尋求新的解決辦法來對付可能出現的新問題。這句話一般用于作文結尾，屬萬能句式，句式較為簡單，方便操作。
四， 提出最終建議的萬能模板1、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). 該是我們停止這一趨勢的時候了。2、It is time to take the advice of 。
and to put special emphasis on the improvement of 。 該是采納……的建議，并對……的進展給予非常重視的時候了。
3、There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of 。 毫無疑問，對……問題應予以足夠的重視。
4、Obviously,。. If we want to do something。
, it is essential that。 顯然，如果我們想做某事，我們需要……5、Only in this way can we。
只有這樣，我們才能。6、It must be realized that。
我們必須意識到。
4.英語四級作文完美萬能開頭結尾誰有
你看看下面的，其中就包含了怎么結尾 四級寫作常見句型 用于句首提出論題或現象的句型 ①Recently ， … become the focus of the society . ②…h(huán)as been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life . ③Nowadays there is a growing concern for … ④Nowadays it is common to hear /see … ⑤…h(huán)as become a common occurrence in our daily life . ⑥Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of … ⑦It is only during the last /past few years that man has become generally aware that … ⑧There is an old / popular saying / proverb which says / goes … ⑨In recent years , there is a general tendency … ⑩Nowadays … has become a problem we have to face . 用于結尾的常用句型 ①From what has been discussed / mentioned above , we may conclude that … ②Therefore , it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion that … ③It is high time that something was done about … ④From all the reasons / consideration above , it is evident / clear / obvious that … ⑤Taking into account all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that … ⑥Given the reasons / consideration I have just outlined / discussed / presented , I strongly recommend that … ⑦It is clear , therefore , that … ⑧All in all ,what really matters is , in fact , to … ⑨It is essential that effective measure be taken to … ⑩From what has been discussed above , we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that … ⑾ In conclusion ,the most important is … ⑿ On the whole , it is high time that every one … ⒀ As a result , we should take some effective steps to … ⒁ Judging by the figures / statistics , it is not difficult to see that … ⒂ Only in this way / in so doing , can be really …。
5.英語四級作文萬能模版
一、用于作文開頭的萬能模板：
1、Many people insist that。 很多人（堅持）認為……
2、With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that。 隨著科技的發(fā)展，越來越多的人認為……
3、A lot of people seem to think that。 很多人似乎認為……
二、引出不同觀點的萬能模板：
1、People's views on。 vary from person to person. Some hold that。 . However, others believe that。. 人們對……的觀點因人而異。有些人認為。..然而其他人卻認為……
2、Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. 人們對待吸毒的態(tài)度因人而異。
3、People may have different opinions on。 人們對……可能會有不同的見解。
4、There are different opinions among people as to。 關于……人們的觀點大不相同。
5、Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 對（失?。┤藗兊膽B(tài)度各不相同。
三、得出最終結論的萬能模板：
1、Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that。 把所有這些因素加以考慮，我們自然會得出結論……
2、Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that。 考慮所有這些因素，我們可能會得出合理的結論……
3、Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that。 因此，自然我們得出以下結論。
4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits. 毫無疑問，跳槽有優(yōu)點也有缺點。
5、All in all, we cannot live without。 But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. 總之，我們沒有……是無法生活的。但同時，我們必須尋求新的解決辦法來對付可能出現的新問題。
這句話一般用于作文結尾，屬萬能句式，句式較為簡單，方便操作。
四， 提出最終建議的萬能模板
1、It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). 該是我們停止這一趨勢的時候了。
2、It is time to take the advice of 。 and to put special emphasis on the improvement of 。 該是采納……的建議，并對……的進展給予非常重視的時候了。
3、There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of 。 毫無疑問，對……問題應予以足夠的重視。
4、Obviously,。. If we want to do something。 , it is essential that。 顯然，如果我們想做某事，我們需要……
5、Only in this way can we。 只有這樣，我們才能。
6、It must be realized that。 我們必須意識到。
6.求4級作文萬能開頭結尾 及一些能結合句子的論據
這是我考四六級的法寶，我用這些句子至少可以拿90分的作文，希望可以幫你忙吧！?？荚図樌?！結尾萬能公式 1. 結尾萬能公式一：如此結論 說完了，畢竟要歸納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經歷，領導長篇大論，到最后終于冒出個“總而言之”之類的話，我們馬上停止開小差，等待領導說結束語。
也就是說，開頭很好，也必然要有一個精彩的結尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子： Obviously（此為過渡短語）， we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果讀者很難“顯而見之”，但說無妨，就當讀者的眼光太淺罷了！ 更多過渡短語： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus 更多句型： Thus, it can be concluded that…， Therefore, we can find that… 2. 結尾萬能公式二：如此建議 如果說“如此結論”是結尾最沒用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應該是最有價值的廢話了，因為這里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個很經典的虛擬語氣的句型。拽！ Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem. 這里的虛擬語氣用得很經典，因為考官本來經?？歼@個句型，而如果我們自己寫出來，你說考官會怎么想呢？ 更多句型： Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken. 寫作的“七項基本原則” 一、長短句原則 工作還得一張一馳呢，老讓讀者讀長句，累死人！寫一個短小精辟的句子，相反，卻可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。
而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題： As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 如此可見，長短句結合，抑揚頓挫，豈不爽哉？牢記！ 強烈建議：在文章第一段（開頭）用一長一短，且先長后短；在文章主體部分，要先用一個短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個要點的時候采用先短后長的句群形式，定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝！文章結尾一般用一長一短就可以了。 二、主題句原則 國有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。
否則會給人造成“群龍無首”之感！相信各位讀過一些破爛文學，故意把主體隱藏在文章之內，結果造成我們稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉勸各位一定要寫一個主題句，放在文章的開頭（保險型）或者結尾，讓讀者一目了然，必會平安無事！ 特別提示：隱藏主體句可是要冒險的！ To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主題句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. 三、一二三原則 領導講話總是第一部分、第一點、第二點、第三點、第二部分、第一點… 如此羅嗦?？僧吘惯€是條理清楚。
考官們看文章也必然要通過這些關鍵性的“標簽”來判定你的文章是否結構清楚，條理自然。破解方法很簡單，只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個要點前就清楚了。
1)first, second, third, last（不推薦，原因：俗） 2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推薦，原因：俗） 3)the first, the second, the third, the last（不推薦，原因：俗） 4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推薦，原因：俗） 5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（強烈推薦） 6)to start with, next, in addition, finally（強烈推薦） 7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least（強烈推薦） 8)most important of all, moreover, finally 9)on the one hand, on the other hand（適用于兩點的情況） 10)for one thing, for another thing（適用于兩點的情況） 建議：不僅僅在寫作中注意，平時說話的時候也應該條理清楚！ 六、多變句式原則 1）加法（串聯） 都希望寫下很長的句子，像個老外似的，可就是怕寫錯，怎么辦，最保險的寫長句的方法就是這些，可以在任何句子之間加and， 但最好是前后的句子又先后關系或者并列關系。比如說： I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我們可以用一個超級句式： Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短語可以用： besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 2）轉折（拐彎抹角） 批評某人缺點的時候，我們總習慣先拐彎抹角說說他的優(yōu)點，然后轉入正題，再說缺點，這種方式雖然陰險了點，可畢竟還比較容易讓人接受。
所以呢，我們說話的時候，只要在要點之前先來點廢話，注意二者之間用個專這次就夠了。 The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短語： despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding 3）因果（so, so, so） 昨天在街上我看到了一個女孩，然后我主動搭訕，然后我們去咖啡廳，然后我們認識了，然后我們成為了朋友…可見，講故事的時候我們總要追求先后順序，先什么，后什么，所以然后這個詞就變得很常見了。
其實這個詞表示的是先后或。
7.求英語四級考試作文經典萬能開頭語和結尾語,急
④Some people believe … Others maintain … Still others claim … ⑤Some people suggest … Others :Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this.這樣寫可以避免套用中的表達失誤. ⑥On the one hand ; consideration I have just outlined /。
如， which arrived … ④I am writing to you with reference to … ⑤I am writing to you in connection with … ⑥I would be grateful if you could /, there are people in favor of … ⑩There are some people who hold different opinions about … （4）用于陳述個人觀點/： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life、圖表的常用句型 ①As the graph depicts ; figures that … （2）用于句首提出論題或現象的句型 ①Recently , people tend to … On the other hand . Secondly，可將其改寫成兩個句子； statistics , it is evident /, I strongly recommend that … ⑦It is clear ; proverb which says /, it is not difficult to draw /: Books are like friends, to … ⑨It is essential that effective measure be taken to … ⑩From what has been discussed above ; table / mentioned above , however , can be really … 四六級寫作基本句式 以下是短文寫作中使用率最高， hold the opposite opinion , we should attack more importance to … ③As for my own idea about … I believe … ④As far as I am concerned , believe that … ⑧Although more and more people come to believe … there are still others who insist that … ⑨On the contrary , it is high time that every one … ⒀ As a result , more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life 注， I would rather … ⑧My own point of view is that … ⑨In conclusion . Firstly,what really matters is , we may conclude that … ②Therefore ;second graph . Last but not least, it is not difficult to see that … ⒂ Only in this way /, in contrast ; obvious that … ⑤Taking into account all these factors ; goes … ⑨In recent years ;past few years that man has become generally aware that … ⑧There is an old / would … ⑦I would like to know some information on … ⑧It will be appreciated if you can / indicates /， …h(huán)as become the focus of the society ，每組句式的功能相同或相似； feel inclined to … ②There are different opinions among people as to … Some believe … whole hold … ③Some people claim that … is superior to … Others ， ④The table shows / consideration above ; prefer …， and they can open our minds and widen our horizons, I prefer … ⑥In my view ; discussed /, that … ⑧All in all , most people are well paid; in so doing ， … ②From the cartoon /, therefore , people's living standard has been greatly improved. ③Nowadays there is a growing concern for … ④Nowadays it is common to hear /, I plan to … ⑤Personally ：如考生寫第一個句子沒有把握， there is a general tendency … ⑩Nowadays … has become a problem we have to face ; clear /, in fact , we should take some effective steps to … ⒁ Judging by the figures /，做到能夠熟練正確地仿寫或套用； presented ; reveals that … ⑤It can be seen /，考生可根據自己的情況選擇其中的1-2個、覆蓋面最廣的基本句式， both sides are partly right in that … ⑦But for me , reading extensively is of great benefit to us; popular saying / could … ⑩I look forward to hearing from you , we can see that … ③According to the statistics shown in the first /。 2.表示好處 1)It has the following advantages. 2)It does us a lot of good. 3)It benefits us quite a lot. 4)It is beneficial to us. 5)It is of great benefit to us. 例如；see … ⑤…h(huán)as become a common occurrence in our daily life , we may reach the conclusion that … ⑥Given the reasons /picture ; come to the conclusion that … ③It is high time that something was done about … ④From all the reasons /。
1.表示原因 1)There are three reasons for this. 2)The reasons for this are as follows. 3)The reason for this is obvious. 4)The reason for this is not far to seek. 5)The reason for this is that。 6)We have good reason to believe that。
例如， they feel … ⑦Some people argue that … Others , while others are / could … ⑨I would also like to know if you can /. ⑥Nowadays more and more people are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of … ⑦It is only during the last /, I tend to choose … （5）用于書信寫作的常用句型 ①Thank you for your letter of … ②It is a pleasure for me invite you on behalf of … to accept … ③Thanks so much for your letter . Therefore. (3)用于比較，the most important is … ⑿ On the whole , however , disagree with it . They can help us know the world better. ②…h(huán)as been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life ;concluded from the picture /, I support the statement that … ⑩As regards me , and they can afford what they need or like, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that … ⑾ In 。
8.英語四級作文萬能模板 強烈推薦
希望對你有所幫助：段首句常用句式如下：
1. 關于……人們有不同的觀點。一些人認為……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2. 俗話說（常言道）……，它是我們前輩的經歷，但是，即使在今天，它在許多場合仍然適用。
There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 現在，……，它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更為糟糕的是……。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.
4. 現在，……很普遍，許多人喜歡……，因為……，另外（而且）……。
Nowadays,it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides,______.
5. 任何事物都是有兩面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6. 關于……人們的觀點各不相同，一些人認為（說）……，在他們看來，……
People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7. 人類正面臨著一個嚴重的問題……，這個問題變得越來越嚴重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8. ……已成為人的關注的熱門話題，特別是在年青人當中，將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。
______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9. ……在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用，它給我們帶來了許多好處，但同時也引發(fā)一些嚴重的問題。
______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10. 根據圖表/數字/統(tǒng)計數字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出……。很顯然……，但是為什么呢？
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that______ while. Obviously,______,but why?
9.求四級英語作文萬能模板,萬能經典句子句型
Chapter One 文章開頭句型 1-1 對立法 ： 先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法， 適用于有爭議性的主題. 例如（e.g） [1]. When asked about。
.., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that 。
. But I think/view a bit differently. [2]. When it comes to 。. , some people bielive that 。
. Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguements/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter 。
) [3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that 。. They claim/ believe/argue that 。
But I wonder/doubt whether。.. 1-2 現象法 引出要剖析的現象或者問題， 然后評論 . e.g [1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) 。
has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern. [2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of 。has been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to public attention) [3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality 。
is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly. ----- To be continued !! 1-3 觀點法 ----開門見山，直接了當地提出自己對要討論的問題的看法. e.g: [1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as 。 Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. benn more visible/popular than。
[2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that。 [3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity to。
Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of 。
[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that。
. 1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法， 來引出文章要展開論述的觀點！ e.g: [1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people . "Education is not complete with gradulation." Such is the opnion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion. [2]."。
" How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this . In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "。
". 1-5 比較法 ------ 通過對過去，現在 兩種不同的傾向，觀點的比較 ， 引出文章要討論的觀點. e.g: [1]. For years, 。had been viewed as 。
But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing 。 , people 。
. . [2]. People used to think that 。
(In the past, 。.) But people now share this new. 1-6 故事法 ---- 先講一個較短的故事來引發(fā)讀者的興趣， 引出文章的主題. e.g: [1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt 。
. The phenemenon of 。 has aroused public concern. [2]. I have a friend who 。
Should he 。. ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life. [3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who 。
This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now. 1-8 問題法 ----- 先用討論或解答的設問， 引出自己觀點， 適用于有爭議性的話題. e.g: Should/What 。
? Options of 。 vary greatly , some 。
, others 。 But in my opinion , 。
. Chapter 2 文章中間主體內容句型 原因結果分析 3-1-1. 基本原因 --- 分析某事物時， 用此句型說明其基本的或者多方面的原因. e.g: [1]. Why 。
? For one thing.. For another 。 [2]. The answer to this problem invovles many factors. For one thing。
For another。
Still another 。 [3]. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect 。
. /both individual and social contribute to 。. 3-1-2 另一原因 --------> 在分析了基本原因之后， 再補充一個次要的或者更重要時用！ e.g: [1]. Another important factor is 。
. [2]. 。 is also responsible for the change/problem. [3]. Certainly , the 。
is not the sole reason for 。.. 3-1-3 后果影響 --------- 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者帶來的影響 . e.g: [1]. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on。
. [2]. In involves some serious consequence for 。
.. 比較對照句型 3-2-1. 兩者比較 ---> 比較兩事物， 要說出其一超過另一個， 或肯定一事物的優(yōu)點， 也肯定其缺點的時候用 ！ e.g: [1]. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B. [2]. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B. [3]. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects. 3-2-2 . 兩者相同/相似 ------> 比較兩事物共同都有或者共同都沒有的特點時用！ e.g: [1]. A and B have several thing in common. They are similar in that。.. [2]. A bears some sriking resemblance(s) to B. Chapter Three 文章結尾形式 2-1 結論性--------- 通過對文章前面的討論 ，引出或重申文章的中心思想及觀點 . e.g: [1]. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that 。
.. [2]. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable 。
. 2-2 后果性------ 揭示所討論的問題若不解決， 。
