初中生英語點時態(tài)(初中英語所有要學(xué)習(xí)的時態(tài))

1.初中英語所有要學(xué)習(xí)的時態(tài)

一、一般現(xiàn)在時： 主語+am/is/are/動詞原形 1.概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。

2. 1） 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常和時間狀語連用。 時間狀語：every…， sometimes, at…， on Sunday He often wakes up at 7 every morning. 2） 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。

The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3） 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。

（ 注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.） 4） 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。

eg. I don't want so much./Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup./I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。

3. 句式結(jié)構(gòu)：當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時： 肯定句 主語+動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)+其他 否定句 主語+doesn't+動詞原形+其他 一般疑問句 Does+主語+動詞原形+其他 肯定回答 Yes，主語+does 否定回答 No，主語+doesn't 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句 當(dāng)主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)時： 肯定句 主語+動詞原形+其他 否定句 主語+don't+動詞原形+其他 一般疑問句 Do+主語+動詞原形+其他 要注意，句式結(jié)構(gòu)錯則全局都錯。 二、一般過去時： 概念：表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為；過去主語所具備的能力和性格。

基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+動詞過去式+其他；否定形式①was/were+not；②在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞；一般疑問句Did+主語+do+其他 時間狀語： Ago(two hours ago（一段時間+ago）,yesterday（句子開頭或結(jié)尾），the day before yesterday,last week,last(year,night,month…)，具體時間（如Jan.fourth）,just now,at the age of,one day,long ago,once upon a time（很久以前），and so on,this morning.long long ago. 動詞變化規(guī)則 3.動詞規(guī)則變化：1.直接加ed:work—— workedlook——lookedplay——played, 2.以e結(jié)尾的單詞，直接加d:live ——livedhope——hopeduse——used, 3 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加ed:study—— studied carry——carriedworry——worried, 4 以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的，直接加ed:enjoy ——enjoyed play——played 5 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，雙寫最后的輔音字母+ed:stop—— stoppedplan——不規(guī)則變化：planned is/am-was Are-were Begin-began blow -blew bring -brought 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語+動詞過去式+其他 否定形式①was/were+not；②在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞 一般疑問句Did+主語+do+其他？ 三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時： 1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示動作發(fā)生的時間是“現(xiàn)在”，動作目前的狀態(tài)是“正在進(jìn)行中。

2.句式結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be+v.ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式 第一人稱單數(shù) I+am+ing. 第一人稱復(fù)數(shù) We+are+ing. 第二人稱單（復(fù)）數(shù) You+are+ing 第三人稱單數(shù) He(She,it)+is+ing 第三人稱復(fù)數(shù) They+are+ing 肯定句：主語+be(is/am/are)+現(xiàn)在分詞 否定句：主語+be(is/am/are)+not+現(xiàn)在分詞 一般疑問句：be(is/am/are)+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+相應(yīng)be動詞+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+Sth？ 四、過去進(jìn)行時： 1.概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動作。 2.句式結(jié)構(gòu)：1.過去進(jìn)行時由“主語+was/were + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成 例如： We were having supper when the phone rang. 我們正在吃晚飯時電話響了。

2. 過去進(jìn)行時的否定式由“主語+was/were not +現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成 例如： This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天這個時候，杰克不是在看電視，而是在修理自行車？ 3. 過去進(jìn)行時的疑問式由“was/were + 主語+ 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成 例如： Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon？ 昨天下午四點你們在打籃球嗎？ 六、過去完成時： 1.概念：）①表示發(fā)生在過去的動作對過去晚些時候造成的影響或結(jié)果②過去某一動作一直持續(xù)到過去晚些時候?qū)砜赡苓€要延續(xù)。句中的動作發(fā)生在過去之前（過去的過去），即過去完成時動作發(fā)生在過去的過去。

2.句式結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+had+過去分詞vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主語+had+過去分詞. ②否定句：主語+had+not+過去分詞. ③一般疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞？ 肯定回答：Yes，主語+had. 否定回答：No，主語+had not . ④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句（Had+主語+過去分詞）？ ⑤被動語態(tài)：主語+had(hadn't)+been+過去分詞 七、一般將來時： 1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。 常常和表示將來的時間狀語連用。

如：tomorrow（明天）， next week（下周）， from now on（從現(xiàn)在開始）；in the future（將來）等。 一般將來時由助動詞shall（第一人稱），will（第。

2.初中英語時態(tài)歸納

English Grammar：動詞的時態(tài) 英語共有16種時態(tài)，根據(jù)近幾年曝光的四、六級考卷分析， 時態(tài)測試重點主要有：完成時態(tài)——現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時；進(jìn)行時態(tài)——現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時、將來進(jìn)行時、完成進(jìn)行時；一般時態(tài)。

一、一般時態(tài) 1、一般現(xiàn)在時 （1）一般現(xiàn)在時表示沒有時限的持久存在的動作或狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)階段反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，常和副詞 usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week 等連謾@？紓？ 1)The moon moves round the earth.. 2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day. (2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment 以及 if,unless 等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。例如： 1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow. (3)某些表示起始的動詞，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作，這類動詞有：be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave 等。

例如： 1)The plane leaves at three sharp. 2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow. (4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as 等引導(dǎo)的從句中，也常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。例如： 1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first. 2)You'll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow. 2.一般過去時 （1）表示過去某一特定時間所發(fā)生的、可完成的動作或狀態(tài)，常與表示確切過去時間的詞、短語或從句連用。

例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. (2)表示過去習(xí)慣性動作。例如： 1)He always went to class last. 2)I used to do my homework in the library. （注意與be used to doing短語的區(qū)別） 3.一般將來時 1）表示將來打算進(jìn)行或期待發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。

例如： I shall graduate next year. 2）幾種替代形式： 1)be going to +v在口語中廣泛使用，表示準(zhǔn)備做或?qū)l(fā)生的事情。例如： I'm going to buy a house when we've saved enough money. 2)be to +v表示計劃安排要做的事，具有“必要”的強制性意義。

例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon. 3)be about to +v表示即將發(fā)生的事情。例如： He was about to start. 4)be due to +v表示預(yù)先確定了的事， 必定發(fā)生的事。

例如： The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing 強調(diào)即將發(fā)生的某種事態(tài)。例如： The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home. 二、進(jìn)行時態(tài) 1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 （1）表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作，常與now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等連用。

例如： Don't disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now. (2)表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作， 常與always,continually,forever,constantly等連用。例如： My father is forever criticizing me. (3)表示根據(jù)計劃或安排在最近要進(jìn)行的事情。

具有這種語法功能的動詞僅限于過渡性動詞。即表示從一個狀態(tài)或位置轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個狀態(tài)或位置上去的動詞。

常用的有：go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。例如： They are leaving for Hong Kong next month. (4)有些動詞不能用進(jìn)行時，這是一類表示“感覺，感情，存在，從屬”等的動詞。

如：see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,appear，（表示感覺的詞）；hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive（表示感情的動詞）；be,exist,remain,stay,obtain（表示存在狀態(tài)的動詞）；have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form（表示占有與從屬的動詞）；understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember（表示思考理解的動詞）。但是如果它們詞義改變，便也可用進(jìn)行時態(tài)。

例如： 1)Tom looks pale. What's wrong with him? (look 在此為聯(lián)系動詞，意為“顯得，看上去”) 2)Tom is looking for his books. (look 在此為實義動詞，意為“尋找”) 2. 過去進(jìn)行時 過去進(jìn)行時表示一個過去的動作發(fā)生時或發(fā)生后，另一個過去的動作正在進(jìn)行，或表示過去反復(fù)的習(xí)慣，常與always,continually,constantly等動詞連用。例如： 1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered. 2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk. 3. 將來進(jìn)行時 將來進(jìn)行時主要表示將來某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作，或表示要在將來某一時刻開始，并繼續(xù)下去的動作。

常用來表示禮貌的詢問、請求等。例如： 1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. 2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening? 4. 完成進(jìn)行時 （現(xiàn)在、過去、將來）完成進(jìn)行時是（現(xiàn)在、過去、將來）完成時的強調(diào)形式，將放在完成時態(tài)部分講述。

三、完成時態(tài) 完成時態(tài)通常表示已完成或從事的動作。它可分為： 1. 現(xiàn)在完成時 （1）現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示對目前狀況仍有影響的，剛剛完成的動作（常與yet,already,just連用），或者過去某一時刻發(fā)生的，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況（常與for,since連用）。

例如： 1)I have just finished my homework. 2)Mary has been ill for three days. (2)常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語有：since, for, during。

3.初中英語八個時態(tài)的句型以及各種知識點

我稍微整理了一下，一共有十六種時態(tài)。

十六種時態(tài)和他們的時間狀語1.一般現(xiàn)在時（do /does ） every day, every week , always ,usually, seldom ,never .2.一般過去時（did ） yesterday , last week , ago ,the other day , just now, in the past , that day , from then on （不到現(xiàn)在） 3.一般將來時（will do ） Tomorrow ,this evening , next week , soon , at once , right away, in three minutes , just a moment. 4.過去將來時（would do ） the next day ,after three years ,three years later ,soon ,right away . （這些時間狀語用于間接引語）5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時（am /is /are doing） now , just now , at the moment ,at present , always （帶有感情色彩）6 過去進(jìn)行時（was /were doing ） at six yesterday evening ,from 7 to 9 yesterday evening ,at that time .7 現(xiàn)在完成時（have /has done ） since , for some years , already , just , before, recently , so far , up till now , in the past few years , the last ten years . 8 過去完成時（had done ） by +過去時間， three years before , up to the end of last year 9 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時（have /has been doing ） these days , all the morning , all day long ,all the year round 10 過去完成進(jìn)行時（had been doing ） in those day , all day （這些時間狀語用于間接引語）11 將來進(jìn)行時（shall/will be doing ） at 8 tomorrow morning , from 2 to 3 tomorrow afternoon 12 過去將來進(jìn)行時（should /would be doing ） at 8 the next morning ,from 7 to 8 the next morning 13 將來完成時（shall /will have done ） by 200814 過去將來完成時（should /would have done ） by +將來時間（用于虛擬語氣或間接引語）， by the end of the next year 15 將來完成進(jìn)行時（shall /will have been doing ） all tomorrow morning , all next week .16 過去將來完成進(jìn)行時（should /would have been doing ） all the next day , all the next week 幾個時態(tài)的比較1.did sth./have done sth. Who has taken away my umbrella? I can't find it anywhere. Oh, Sally took it away just now.2.did sth./ had done sth. We learned six passages last week. We had learned six passages by the end of last week.3.have been doing/have done sth. They have repaired several cars. They have been repairing cars.。

4.初中英語基本時態(tài)以及語法

初中英語語法幾大基本時態(tài)講與練（4）一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)以及計劃、打算做某事。

E.g. They will have a football match tomorrow. He will be thirty next week. She is going to buy a coat this afternoon. 其結(jié)構(gòu)有如下幾種： 1)will + 動詞原形（will可以用于任何人稱） 需要注意的是當(dāng)主語是第一人稱時will可以換成shall，特別是在以I或we作主語的問句中，一般用shall. e.g. Shall we go to the zoo? 2)be going to +動詞原形 3）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時也可表示將來，前邊已經(jīng)講過，這里不在重復(fù). 第一種結(jié)構(gòu)的句式變化是： 變否定句在will后邊加not. 變一般疑問句把will提前. e.g. She will be back in three days. She will not be back in three days. Will She be back in three days？ 第二種結(jié)構(gòu)的句式變化要在be上做文章. E.g. They are going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean their classroom. Are they going to clean their classroom？ 其時間狀語有如下幾種 1)this引導(dǎo)的短語 如 this year 2)tomorrow及其相關(guān)短語如tomorrow morning 3)next引導(dǎo)的短語 如 next month 4) from now on ; in the future ; in an hour 等。 學(xué)生常見錯誤如下： 一、易忽視動詞用原形形式 例：1 He will is (be) at school next Monday. 2 He is going to does (do) his homework after school. 答案：1 be 2 do 解析：第一題有的同學(xué)一看he做主語就用了is，忽視了will后應(yīng)加動詞原形。

我們在寫句子時，很容易把動詞丟掉，“英語句子里，動詞不能少”的規(guī)律必須要牢記。第二題中to后加動詞原形，而不是用單三人稱.。

二、be going to +動詞原形與will+動詞原形用法不清楚 例：我正努力學(xué)習(xí)，準(zhǔn)備參加英語考試。 I am studying hard and I will try for my English exams. 答案：I am studying hard and I am going to try for my English exams. 解析：“be going to” 表示計劃、打算要做某事。

E.g. He is going to visit his friends. 還表示某種跡象表明會發(fā)生某事.e.g. Look at the clouds. It's going to rain. 而“Will+動詞原形 ”指對將來事物的預(yù)見、表示意愿、決心。E.g. I will wait for you until you come. 在單純預(yù)測未來時，二者可以互換，但在此題中只能用be going to，而不能用will。

自主檢測： （一）、單選 1 _____you ____a doctor when you grow up? A Will; going to be B Are; going to be C Are; / D Will; be 2 I don't know if his uncle _____. I think he _____ if it doesn't rain. A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come 3 He will be back _____a few minutes. A with B for C on D in 4 What time _____we meet at the gate tomorrow? A will B shall C do D are 5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _____the work next week. A finishes B doesn't finish C will finish D won't finish 6 There _____some showers this afternoon. A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have 7 It ____my brother's birthday tomorrow. She _____a party. A is going to be; will have B will be; is having C will be; is going to have D will have; is going to be 8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _____11. A is B is going to be C will be D will to be 答案：1 B 2B 3 D 4 B 5A 6A 7 C 8 C （二）、填空 1 -“I need some paper.” - “I ____(bring)some for you.” 2____(be)you free tomorrow? 3 They _________(not leave) until you come back. 4 _____we_____(go) to the party together this afternoon? 5 They want to know when the meeting _____start. 6 I _____(go) with you if I have time. 7 Hurry up! Or we ______(be) late. 8What ____you _______(do) tomorrow afternoon? 9 Jenny ____ _____ (do) an experiment the day after tomorrow. 10 If she isn't free tomorrow, she _______(not take) part in the party. 答案： 1 will bring 2 Are 3 won't leave 4Shall go 5 will 6 will go 7 will be 8 are going to do 9 will do 10 won't take 三、There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來時易出錯 例：There_________ a basketball match this afternoon. (B) A is going to be B is going to have C are going to be D are going to have 答案：A 解析：There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來時既要符合There be結(jié)構(gòu)，又要符合一般將來時。有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為have當(dāng)“有”講，所以選了B，但There be結(jié)構(gòu)就不成立了，此句中is是be going to中的，是由后邊的單數(shù)名詞決定的. 四、be going to結(jié)構(gòu)中易丟掉to 例：I'm going _______(go) school by bike tomorrow. (C) A to will go B to go to C go to D to go 答案：B 解析：由tomorrow可知是一般將來時，be going to +動詞原形，所以先確定用to go ， 在B、D當(dāng)中選，而go to school 是固定詞組，不能因為前邊有一個to而省略，這是一個易錯點，需要注意。

另外，在時間狀語或條件狀語從句中，若主句用了將來時，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時，前邊已經(jīng)講過，這里不在重復(fù).。

5.初中英語八大時態(tài)筆記

1.一般現(xiàn)在時： 主語+do/does e.g We clean the room every day. 2.一般過去時： 主語+did e.g We cleaned the room just now. 3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時： 主語+am/is/are doing e.g We are cleaning the room now. 4.過去進(jìn)行時： was/were doing e.g We were cheaning the room at 5:00 yesterday afternoon. 5.現(xiàn)在完成時： have/has done e.g We have cleaned the room already. 6.過去完成時： had done e.g We had cleaned the room before he arrived. 7.一般將來時： will do/ e.g We will clean the room tomorrow. 8.過去將來時： was/were to /would do e.g He said he would clean the room next.。

6.初中英語所學(xué)的9種時態(tài)

漢語的時態(tài)大多是通過副詞來表達(dá)的，而英語的時態(tài)是靠動詞的變化和時間狀語來表達(dá)的。

英語中的時態(tài)共有十六種，但是常考的或較常用的只有9種，而且重點測試完成時態(tài)。 要掌握英語的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，必須掌握好英語中的助動詞（do, be, have）和時間狀語這兩個核心問題。

1、一般現(xiàn)在時 主要用來表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等時間狀語； 表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。 He usually goes to work at 7 o'clock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考點一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。

如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，代替一般將來時；常用的引導(dǎo)詞有： 時間：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day； 條件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考點三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter +賓語從句， 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。 So long as he works hard, I don't mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么時候做完試驗。

考點四：在the more… the more … （越……越……） 句型中， 若主句是一般將來時， 從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 表說話時或目前一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動：或表感情色彩，加強語氣。

與頻率副詞，如always,constantly,continually,again等連用表示說話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考點一：在時間狀語或條件狀語從句中表示將來正在進(jìn)行的動作。

Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考點二： 表示在最近按計劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動作（這時多有表示將來的時間狀語）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、現(xiàn)在完成時 表示動作發(fā)生在過去，完成在過去，但強調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果或影響仍存在。

現(xiàn)在完成時有一些標(biāo)志性的時間狀語： 考點一：for + 時間段；since + 時間點 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have learned English for ten years. 考點二：常見的不確定的時間狀語：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ？ 考點三：在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/ 年/ 月以來……”時間狀語中，謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。 in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等 考點四：表示“第幾次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名詞 +that” 后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時。

This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written. 4.一般過去時 表在過去某個特定時間發(fā)生且完成的動作，或過去習(xí)慣性動作，不強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。常跟明確的過去時間連用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when， 注意： 考點一：used to + do，表示過去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習(xí)慣動作。

to為不定式，后接動詞原形。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示習(xí)慣于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，代替過去將來時。

He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 5. 過去進(jìn)行時 表示過去某個時間點或某段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動作。 The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help. What were you doing at nine last night? The radio was being repaired when you called me. 6. 過去完成時 表示過去某個時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，即過去完成時的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，句中有明顯的參照動作或時間狀語，這種時態(tài)從來不孤立使用 （ before, after, by, up till ） There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. By the end of last term we had finished the book. They finished earlier than we had expected. 考點一：用于hardly/scarcely。

when; no sooner 。than 句型中，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。

I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主謂倒裝） 考點二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過去時，從句用過去完成時。 That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. It was 3 years since we had 。

7.幫忙歸納總結(jié)一下初中英語所有時態(tài)

初中英語語法中的8種時態(tài) 一、一般現(xiàn)在時1.概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。

2.時間狀語： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…)， once a week, on Sundays,3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞 原形 （如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式）4.否定形式：am/is/are+not；此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don't，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時還原行為動詞。5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。

6.例句：. It seldom ['seld?m]很少snows here.He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words.. 二、一般過去時1.概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。2.時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…)， in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動詞；行為動詞 的過去式4.否定形式：was/were+not；在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞。

5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。6.例句：She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為。

2.時間狀語：now, at this time, days, etc. look . listen3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be+doing 4.否定形式：be+not+doing.5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。6.例句： How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 四、過去進(jìn)行時 1.概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動作。

2.時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。3.基本結(jié)構(gòu) s+was/were+doing 4.否定形式：s+was/were + not + doing.5.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。

（第一個字母大寫）6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.五、現(xiàn)在完成時1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。2.時間狀語：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時間點，for+時間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + done 4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.5.一般疑問句：have或has。

6.例句：I've written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 六、過去完成時1.概念：以過去某個時間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。2.時間狀語：before, by the end of last year(term, month…)，etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done. 4.否定形式：had + not + done.5.一般疑問句：had放于句首。

6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+had+過去分詞（done）①肯定句：主語+had+過去分詞+其他②否定句：主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他③一般疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞+其他④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句七、一般將來時1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。2.時間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…)，soon, in a few minutes, by…，the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+am/is/are+going to + do;will/shall + do.4.否定形式：am/is/are not going to do ;will/shall not do。

5.一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain. 八、過去將來時1.概念：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。

2.時間狀語：the next day(morning, year…)，the following month(week…)，etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+going to + do;would/should + do.4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there .。